The Brain: Hormones Affect Workings
I am not a neurologist or brain surgeon, but I do spend time learning about the brain. So let me just share some key learnings.
1. Low Thyroid Hormones
-- correlate with depression
-- correlate with slower thinking
-- can be caused by inflammation and a low producing pituitary TSH
-- can drive all the other hormones lower -- that's at least 40!
-- hormone supplements can be more efficacious with added stomach enzymes with dosage
-- can be affected by amount of bio-hrt, supplements, foods, elevation, dopamine, stress, herbs, medicines, low-dose naltrexone, seasons *, weight, etc.
-- can be tested every 4 weeks
-- psychiatry: proper thyroid support can reduce or eliminate needs for other meds
-- psychiatry: the brain is a "use it or lose it" organ, do not leave it untreated
2. Sleep
-- is protective for creating proper neurotransmitters
-- is disrupted by autoimmune reactivity
-- sleep medicines often do not work -- just a band-aid over symptoms
-- is promoted by hormone balance
3. Depression
-- can change the brain permanently
-- can be induced by medicines and anesthetic use
-- can be reduced by bio hrt
4. Anxiety
-- linked to food reactions in autoimmune flares
-- Bio HRT does reduce anxiety: especially allopregnanolone and progesterone*
-- Allopregnanolone hormone shown to impact BDNF-- brain regeneration*
-- Risperdal increases prolactin, like other atypical antipsychotics works on memory/learning**, it changes breathing to deeper breaths, lowers stress and boosts immunity
5. Cortisol/Stress
-- changes the brain
-- reduced with CBT, DBT, exercise, music, breathing, singing, laughter, pets, family support, self understanding, peer support, etc.
-- affected strongly by early life experiences
-- reduces the body's ability to fight infection
In short, brain health matters! Of course good parenting helps. But it is not all parenting. There are biological elements to manage.
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*
The researchers from the University of Cambridge analyzed genes from more than 16,000 people from both the northern and southern hemispheres. They found that the activity of nearly one-quarter of the genes differed according to the time of the year — some are more active in winter, others are more active in summer. Seasons also affect our immune cells, and the composition of our blood and fat, according to the findings of the study, which was recently published in the journal Nature Communications.
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Prog
Neurobiol. 2014 Feb;113:79-87. doi:
10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.09.003. Epub 2013 Nov 8.
The role of allopregnanolone in depression and
anxiety.
Schüle C1, Nothdurfter C2, Rupprecht R2.
Author information
1Department
of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Nussbaumstr. 7,
80336 Munich, Germany. Electronic address:
Cornelius.Schuele@med.uni-muenchen.de.
2Department
of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 84,
93053 Regensburg, Germany.
Abstract
Neuroactive steroids such as allopregnanolone do not only act as
transcriptional factors in the regulation of gene expression after
intracellular back-oxidation into the 5-α pregnane steroids but may also alter
neuronal excitability through interactions with specific neurotransmitter
receptors. In particular, certain 3α-reduced metabolites of progesterone such
as 3α,5α-tetrahydroprogesterone (allopregnanolone) and 3α,5β-tetrahydroprogesterone
(pregnanolone) are potent positive allosteric modulators of the GABA(A)
receptor complex. During the last years, the downregulation of neurosteroid
biosynthesis has been intensively discussed to be a possible contributor to the
development of anxiety and depressive disorder. Reduced levels of
allopregnanolone in the peripheral blood or cerebrospinal fluid were found to
be associated with major depression, anxiety disorders, premenstrual dysphoric
disorder, negative symptoms in schizophrenia, or impulsive aggression. The
importance of allopregnanolone for the regulation of emotion and its
therapeutical use in depression and anxiety may not only involve GABAergic
mechanisms, but probably also includes enhancement of neurogenesis, myelination,
neuroprotection, and regulatory effects on HPA axis function. Certain
pharmacokinetic obstacles limit the therapeutic use of natural neurosteroids
(low bioavailability, oxidation to the ketone). Until now synthetic neuroactive
steroids could not be established in the treatment of anxiety disorders or
depression. However, the translocator protein (18 kDa) (TSPO) which is
important for neurosteroidogenesis has been identified as a potential novel
target. TSPO ligands such as XBD 173 increase neurosteroidogenesis and have
anxiolytic effects with a favorable side effect profile.
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Prog
Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2014 Jan 3;48:64-78. doi:
10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.09.005. Epub 2013 Sep 14.
Multifunctional aspects of allopregnanolone in
stress and related disorders.
Author information
1Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala,
147002, India.
Abstract
Allopregnanolone (3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one) is
a major cholesterol-derived neurosteroid in the central nervous system and is
synthesized from progesterone by steroidogenic enzymes, 5α-reductase (the
rate-limiting enzyme) and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. The pathophysiological
role of allopregnanolone in neuropsychiatric disorders has been highlighted in
several investigations. The changes in neuroactive steroid levels are detected
in stress and stress-related disorders including anxiety, panic and depression.
The changes in allopregnanolone in response to acute stressor tend to restore
the homeostasis by dampening the hyper-activated HPA axis. However, long
standing stressors leading to development of neuropsychiatric disorders
including depression and anxiety are associated with decrease in the
allopregnanolone levels. GABAA receptor complex has been considered as the
primary target of allopregnanolone and majority of its inhibitory actions are
mediated through GABA potentiation or direct activation of GABA currents. The
role of progesterone receptors in producing the late actions of
allopregnanolone particularly in lordosis facilitation has also been described.
Moreover, recent studies have also described the involvement of other multiple
targets including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glutamate,
dopamine, opioids, oxytocin, and calcium channels. The present review discusses
the various aspects of allopregnanolone in stress and stress-related disorders
including anxiety, depression and panic.
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**
Risperdal -- atypical antipsychotic: I use a "sub-theraputic dose" of .5 mg.
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**
Risperdal -- atypical antipsychotic: I use a "sub-theraputic dose" of .5 mg.
serotonin
5-HT7 is a type of receptor activated by the neurotransmitter serotonin. Some of the most potent effects of lurasidone (Latuda), an atypical antipsychotic with antidepressant effects in bipolar depression, and vortioxetine (Brintellix), a unique antidepressant for unipolar depression that also has positive effects on cognition, occur through the blockade of 5-HT7 receptors. The atypical antipsychotics aripiprazole and sulpiride also act on 5-HT7 receptors.
Researcher Agnieszka Nikiforuk summarized the research to date on 5-HT7 receptors in the journal CNS Drugs in 2015.
The receptors play a role in regulating sleep and circadian rhythms, which may explain why drugs that target them can be helpful in depression. Drugs that target 5-HT7 receptors have also improved learning and memory.
One subject of research into 5-HT7 receptors is whether better results come from blocking the receptors or stimulating them.
Blockade of 5-HT7 receptors has improved depression-like symptoms in animals and enhances the effects of sub-therapeutic doses of antidepressants. In other animal studies, stimulation of the receptors has appeared promising for the prevention of age-related cognitive decline.
Tags: 5-HT7 receptors, serotonin
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Regarding stress and infection. This supports the use of Risperdal for immunity.
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Regarding stress and infection. This supports the use of Risperdal for immunity.
Introduction
In the inaugural issue, T lymphocyte function was established as an important topic for manuscripts to be published in Brain, Behavior, and Immunity (BBI). Volume 1, Issue 1, published in March of 1987, included a paper from Glaser et al. (Glaser et al., 1987) documenting that killing of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infected B lymphocytes by mononuclear cells (likely cytotoxic T cells) from EBV seropositive medical students was significantly diminished during periods of school examinations compared to baseline (non-examination) periods of time. Significant increases in psychological distress (as measured by the General Severity Index of the Brief Symptom Inventory) were also observed during periods of examination compared to non-examination.
